4th Annual Study Shows Worsening EMS Turnover
Results from AAA/Newton 360 Fourth Annual EMS Industry Turnover Study Shows Worsening Employee Turnover
The American Ambulance Association (AAA) and Newton 360, an Emergency Medical Services (EMS)-based workforce management software platform, joined forces again this year to conduct the fourth annual survey of employee turnover in the EMS industry. The 2022 survey presents turnover data from 119 EMS organizations, representing more than 12,000 employees. This year, the survey included data regarding the percentage of positions reported to be open at the time of the survey, which showed that EMS agencies are having difficulty filling open positions.
Over the last few years, EMS organizations were impressive in meeting the challenges in the face of the continuing COVID-19 global pandemic. The EMS workforce rose to the challenge and battled the disease, despite the workforce shortages that have plagued the EMS profession and other healthcare partners for nearly a decade. EMS organizations have offered innovative solutions to public health crises, including establishing testing and vaccinations sites around the country, suggesting that EMS employers and employees are prepared to expand their role to include greater provision of preventive services and community-based healthcare.
Turnover Rates by Year by Occupational Category
(2021 Results Appear in Parentheses Below the 2022 Results)
| Average Turnover for the Year 2021 | Percentage of Open Positions Summer of 2022 | |||
| Occupation | Overall Turnover | Voluntary Turnover | Involuntary Turnover | Open Rate |
| Full-time EMT | 36%
(24%) |
31%
(19%) |
5%
(5%) |
11% |
| Part-time EMT | 36%
(28%) |
36%
(24%) |
4%
(5%) |
39% |
| Full-time Paramedic | 27%
(26%) |
26%
(20%) |
3%
(3%) |
30% |
| Part-time Paramedic | 30%
(23%) |
29%
(19%) |
2%
(3%) |
55% |
| Supervisor | 21%
(15%) |
16%
(11%) |
2%
(3%) |
13% |
| Dispatch | 29%
(30%) |
22%
(23%) |
6%
(6%) |
15% |
Voluntary and overall turnover increased for 2022, with the turnover rate being in the 20 to 36 percent range for EMTs and Paramedics, a 6% increase over the prior year. Meaning that EMS agencies are experiencing a full turnover of all staff every 3-4 years. Greater than one third of all new hires, turnover within their first year of employment. Not surprisingly, this converted into a relatively high rate of currently open positions, especially for EMTs and Paramedics at EMS agencies around the country.
In keeping with prior year’s surveys, the primary reasons for cited for turnover across all positions within EMS agencies is low pay and benefits, followed by a change in career. While many agencies offered stipends and increase wages in an effort to incentivize employees, it has not flattened the turnover curve. One of the key findings in this year’s survey is the significant increase in open positions for those EMTS and Paramedics working in a part time capacity. The open position rate for part-time paramedics was at a staggering 55%, suggesting that those who previously worked EMS as a second job no longer find it an attractive part time career choice.
This study evidences a need to embark upon a larger initiative to collect data on the EMS workforce in the U.S. A report published by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) stated that there will be a need for an additional 40,000 EMS personnel by 2030, in part, because of the recognition of the valuable education, training, and experience individuals working in the EMS field offer in other healthcare settings. This will necessitate an extensive understanding of the nature and reasons for turnover in EMS-related occupations.
